Diverse climate and soil, ranging from cold continental to semi-Mediterranean and dense clay to limestone and granite. Local grape varietals include: Kalecik Karası, Narince, Öküzgözü and Papazkarası.

Mediterranean climate with sand, clay and loam soils. Local grape varietals include: Barburi, Boğazkere, Fersun, Kalecik Karası, Misket, Narince, Öküzgözü, and Patkara.

Mediterranean climate, varied soils of clay, limestone, silt, and volcanic tuff. Local grape varietals include: Boğazkere, Bornova Misketi, Çalkarası, Kalecik Karası, Öküzgözü, and Papazkarası.

Cold Continental climate with sand, clay, limestone red clay and chalk soils. Local grape varietals include: Emir, Hasandede, Kalecik Karası, Narince, Öküzgözü.

Mediterranean climate with some Continental, loam soils, sand and decomposed granite. Local grape varietals include: Boğazkere, Narince, and Öküzgözü.

Maritime climate with mixed alluvial soils over basalt and limestone bedrock. Local grape varietals include: Boğazkere, Narince, and Öküzgözü.

Mediterranean and Continental climate with decomposed sandstone, red clay and basalt soils. Local grape varietals include: Boğazkere, Kalecik Karası, and Öküzgözü.

Continental climate with varied soils from red clay and decomposed granite to chalk and clay. Local grape varietals include: Boğazkere and Öküzgözü.